Multidimensional Scaling
Overview
Implements the following approaches for multidimensional scaling (MDS) based on stress minimization using majorization (smacof): ratio/interval/ordinal/spline MDS on symmetric dissimilarity matrices, MDS with external constraints on the configuration, individual differences scaling (idioscal, indscal), MDS with spherical restrictions, and ratio/interval/ordinal/spline unfolding (circular restrictions, row-conditional). Various tools and extensions like jackknife MDS, bootstrap MDS, permutation tests, MDS biplots, gravity models, unidimensional scaling, drift vectors (asymmetric MDS), classical scaling, and Procrustes are implemented as well.
- candisc dependency removed, plot.msbi() modified accordingly.
From inst/NEWS.Rd in the release
Install
Health
- OK13 OK2026-08-04
- NOTE12 OK, 1 NOTE2026-08-01
- OK13 OK2026-06-27
- WARNING12 OK, 1 WARNING2026-06-14
- OK13 OK2026-05-02
Show 2 earlier changesHide 2 earlier changes
- ERROR11 OK, 1 ERROR2026-04-25
- OK14 OK2026-03-10
Documentation
- Help pages
- 60
- Examples that run
- 100%59 run in a plain check
- Exported functions with examples
- 96%
- Documented parameters
- 80%
- Return-value docs
- 92%
- Help pages citing references
- 85%
Downloads
Dependencies
Installing smacof adds 103 packages (56 with compiled code, 79 MB of source tarballs). Heaviest: stringi 11 MB, ggplot2 6.0 MB, data.table 5.7 MB.
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Code & Tests
Datasets
People & History
Previously maintained by Jan de Leeuw (0.9-0 to 1.2-3).
Pick two releases to compare their code metrics.
- RR 4.6.0 released · 2026-04-24
- RR 4.5.0 released · 2025-04-11
- RR 4.4.0 released · 2024-04-24
- RR 4.3.0 released · 2023-04-21
- RR 4.2.0 released · 2022-04-22
- RR 4.1.0 released · 2021-05-18
- RR 4.0.0 released · 2020-04-24
- RR 3.6.0 released · 2019-04-26
- RR 3.5.0 released · 2018-04-23
- RR 3.4.0 released · 2017-04-21
- RR 3.3.0 released · 2016-05-03
- RR 3.2.0 released · 2015-04-16
- RR 3.1.0 released · 2014-04-10
- 3.0.3Latest
- RR 3.0.0 released · 2013-04-03
- RR 2.15.0 released · 2012-03-30
Show 47 earlier eventsHide 47 earlier events
- 2.14.12011-11-30 · diff ↗
- RR 2.14.0 released · 2011-10-31
- 2.13.1
- RR 2.13.0 released · 2011-04-13
- 2.13.02011-03-16 · diff ↗
- 2.12.22011-01-27 · diff ↗
- RR 2.12.0 released · 2010-10-15
- RR 2.11.0 released · 2010-04-22
- 2.11.02010-04-08 · diff ↗
- RR 2.10.0 released · 2009-10-26
- RR 2.9.0 released · 2009-04-17
- RR 2.8.0 released · 2008-10-20
- 2.10.02008-07-27 · diff ↗
- 2.7.12008-05-13 · diff ↗
- RR 2.7.0 released · 2008-04-22
- 2.7.02008-03-10 · diff ↗
- 2.6.22008-02-06 · diff ↗ ·
added 8 exports
smacofSym, smacofRect, smacofIndDiff, smacofConstraint, smacofSphere.primal, smacofSphere.dual, sim2diss, plot3dstatic - 2.1-72024-10-10 · diff ↗
- 2.1-62024-03-01 · diff ↗
- 2.1-52022-05-06 · diff ↗
- 2.1-32021-07-20 · diff ↗
- 2.1-22021-02-15 · diff ↗
- 2.1-12020-06-29 · diff ↗
- 2.1-0
- 2.0-0
- 1.10-82018-06-14 · diff ↗
- 1.10-5
- 1.9-6
- 1.8-13
- 1.8-10
- 1.7-02015-08-10 · diff ↗ ·
removed 1 export
plot3dstaticadded 5 exports
torgerson, uniscale, inverseMDS, randomstress, Procrustes - 1.6-2
- 1.5-02014-06-23 · diff ↗ ·
removed 2 exports
smacofSphere.primal, smacofSphere.dualadded 2 exports
smacofSphere, gravity - 1.2-32013-12-03 · diff ↗
- 1.2-12011-11-29 · diff ↗
- 1.2-02011-05-26 · diff ↗
- 1.1-32011-03-16 · diff ↗
- 1.1-02011-01-28 · diff ↗
- 1.0-12010-04-09 · diff ↗
- 1.0-02009-08-01 · diff ↗
- 0.9-62009-05-17 · diff ↗
- 0.9-52009-03-10 · diff ↗
- 0.9-32009-02-07 · diff ↗
- 0.9-22008-12-17 · diff ↗
- 0.9-12008-12-13 · diff ↗
- 0.9-02008-05-26
- RR 2.6.0 released · 2007-10-03
Package metadata
- First published
- 2008-02-06
- Total releases
- 39 / 18 yrs
- License
- GPL-3 OSI
- Minimum R
- ≥ 3.5.0
- Bundled data
- 129 KB / 41 files
- Download size
- 1.0 MB
Cite
Cite this package
Run in R for the authors' entry:
citation("smacof")The package provides a citation file, so citation() returns the authors' own entry.
It points to 10.18637/jss.v031.i03, 10.18637/jss.v102.i10.
Cite the R Observatory
For a number measured here: a download total, a coverage figure, an archival date.
From data release v2026-10-25, which the citation names so these numbers can be found later. More on citing and the projects behind them.