Temporal and Spatio-Temporal Modeling and Monitoring of Epidemic Phenomena
Overview
Statistical methods for the modeling and monitoring of time series of counts, proportions and categorical data, as well as for the modeling of continuous-time point processes of epidemic phenomena. The monitoring methods focus on aberration detection in count data time series from public health surveillance of communicable diseases, but applications could just as well originate from environmetrics, reliability engineering, econometrics, or social sciences. The package implements many typical outbreak detection procedures such as the (improved) Farrington algorithm, or the negative binomial GLR-CUSUM method of Hoehle and Paul (2008) doi:10.1016/j.csda.2008.02.015. A novel CUSUM approach combining logistic and multinomial logistic modeling is also included. The package contains several real-world data sets, the ability to simulate outbreak data, and to visualize the results of the monitoring in a temporal, spatial or spatio-temporal fashion. A recent overview of the available monitoring procedures is given by Salmon et al. (2016) doi:10.18637/jss.v070.i10. For the retrospective analysis of epidemic spread, the package provides three endemic-epidemic modeling frameworks with tools for visualization, likelihood inference, and simulation. hhh4() estimates models for (multivariate) count time series following Paul and Held (2011) doi:10.1002/sim.4177 and Meyer and Held (2014) doi:10.1214/14-AOAS743. twinSIR() models the susceptible-infectious-recovered (SIR) event history of a fixed population, e.g, epidemics across farms or networks, as a multivariate point process as proposed by Hoehle (2009) doi:10.1002/bimj.200900050. twinstim() estimates self-exciting point process models for a spatio-temporal point pattern of infective events, e.g., time-stamped geo-referenced surveillance data, as proposed by Meyer et al. (2012) doi:10.1111/j.1541-0420.2011.01684.x. A recent overview of the implemented space-time modeling frameworks for epidemic phenomena is given by Meyer et al. (2017) doi:10.18637/jss.v077.i11.
This is a maintenance release, improving documentation and updating
deprecated structure() syntax in a few test scripts.
From NEWS.md in the release
Install
Health
- OK13 OK2026-08-05
- NOTE11 OK, 2 NOTE2026-07-16
- OK13 OK2026-07-04
- ERROR10 OK, 1 WARNING, 2 ERROR2026-06-19
- WARNING12 OK, 1 WARNING2026-06-14
Show 6 earlier changesHide 6 earlier changes
- OK13 OK2026-06-13
- ERROR11 OK, 2 ERROR2026-06-04
- OK13 OK2026-04-29
- WARNING12 OK, 1 WARNING2026-04-28
- OK12 OK2026-04-25
- NOTE11 OK, 3 NOTE2026-03-10
Documentation
- Help pages
- 175 (11 internal)includes a package overview page
- Examples that run
- 98%126 run in a plain check (5 of them under a condition) · 3 never run
- Exported functions with examples
- 77%
- Documented parameters
- 86%
- Return-value docs
- 84%
- Help pages citing references
- 10% with a bibliography file
Also includes 4 demo scripts (run with demo())
- Getting started with outbreak detection PDF
- algo.glrnb: Count data regression charts using the generalized likelihood ratio statistic PDF
- hhh4 (spatio-temporal): Endemic-epidemic modeling of areal count time series PDF
- hhh4: An endemic-epidemic modelling framework for infectious disease counts PDF
- Monitoring count time series in R: Aberration detection in public health surveillance PDF
- twinSIR: Individual-level epidemic modeling for a fixed population with known distances PDF
- twinstim: An endemic-epidemic modeling framework for spatio-temporal point patterns PDF
Downloads
Dependencies
Installing surveillance adds 8 packages (7 with compiled code, 8.5 MB of source tarballs). Heaviest: sp 4.3 MB, spatstat.data 2.9 MB, spatstat.geom 816 KB.
Code & Tests
Datasets
People & History
Show 8 more contributorsHide 8 contributors
Pick two releases to compare their code metrics.
- RR 4.6.0 released · 2026-04-24
- RR 4.5.0 released · 2025-04-11
- RR 4.4.0 released · 2024-04-24
- RR 4.3.0 released · 2023-04-21
- RR 4.2.0 released · 2022-04-22
- RR 4.1.0 released · 2021-05-18
- RR 4.0.0 released · 2020-04-24
- RR 3.6.0 released · 2019-04-26
- RR 3.5.0 released · 2018-04-23
- RR 3.4.0 released · 2017-04-21
- RR 3.3.0 released · 2016-05-03
- RR 3.2.0 released · 2015-04-16
- RR 3.1.0 released · 2014-04-10
- 3.0.3Latest
- 3.0.22013-09-03 · diff ↗
- 3.0.12013-04-19 · diff ↗
Show 103 earlier eventsHide 103 earlier events
- RR 3.0.0 released · 2013-04-03
- 3.0.02013-03-15 · diff ↗
- 2.15.32012-12-12 · diff ↗
- 2.15.22012-08-17 · diff ↗
- RR 2.15.0 released · 2012-03-30
- RR 2.14.0 released · 2011-10-31
- RR 2.13.0 released · 2011-04-13
- RR 2.12.0 released · 2010-10-15
- 2.11.12010-05-25 · diff ↗
- RR 2.11.0 released · 2010-04-22
- RR 2.10.0 released · 2009-10-26
- 2.10.02009-10-14 · diff ↗
- 2.9.12009-05-03 · diff ↗
- RR 2.9.0 released · 2009-04-17
- RR 2.8.0 released · 2008-10-20
- RR 2.7.0 released · 2008-04-22
- 2.6.22008-01-21 · diff ↗
- 2.6.12007-11-17 · diff ↗
- RR 2.6.0 released · 2007-10-03
- 2.5.12007-06-25 · diff ↗
- RR 2.5.0 released · 2007-04-24
- RR 2.4.0 released · 2006-10-03
- 2.4.02006-09-05 · diff ↗
- RR 2.3.0 released · 2006-04-24
- 2.2.12005-11-21 · diff ↗
- 1.26.12026-07-30 · diff ↗
- 1.26.0
- 1.25.0
- 1.24.12024-11-05 · diff ↗
- 1.24.0
- 1.23.12024-09-02 · diff ↗
- 1.23.02024-05-04 · diff ↗
- 1.22.12023-11-28 · diff ↗
- 1.22.0
- 1.21.12023-05-19 · diff ↗
- 1.21.02023-03-15 · diff ↗
- 1.20.32022-11-16 · diff ↗
- 1.20.12022-07-19 · diff ↗
- 1.20.0
- 1.19.12021-03-31 · diff ↗
- 1.19.02021-01-30 · diff ↗
- 1.18.02020-03-19 · diff ↗ ·
removed 5 exports
algo.hhh, algo.hhh.grid, create.grid, simHHH, simHHH.defaultadded 1 export
siaf.exponential - 1.17.32019-12-16 · diff ↗
- 1.17.22019-11-12 · diff ↗
- 1.17.1
- 1.17.02019-02-22 · diff ↗ ·
removed 8 exports
readData, toFileDisProg, compMatrix.writeTable, correct53to52, enlargeData, makePlot, test, testSim - 1.16.22018-07-25 · diff ↗
- 1.16.12018-05-29 · diff ↗
- 1.16.0
- 1.15.0
- 1.14.02017-06-30 · diff ↗ ·
added 9 exports
clapply, hcl.colors, makeControl, getNEweights, coefW, update.hhh4, meanHHH, sizeHHH, decompose.hhh4 - 1.13.1
- 1.13.02016-12-20 · diff ↗
- 1.12.2
- 1.12.12016-05-18 · diff ↗
- 1.12.0
- 1.11.02016-02-09 · diff ↗
- 1.10-02015-11-06 · diff ↗ ·
added 12 exports
pit.default, calibrationTest, calibrationTest.default, dss, logs, rps, sts, addFormattedXAxis, plotHHH4_maps, as.hhh4simslist, plotHHH4sims_size, plotHHH4sims_time - 1.9-12015-06-12 · diff ↗
- 1.9-02015-06-11 · diff ↗ ·
added 12 exports
plapply, layout.scalebar, coeflist, knox, stKtest, as.xts.sts, bodaDelay, sts_creation, sts_observation, epitest, permute.epidataCS, simpleR0 - 1.8-32015-01-06 · diff ↗
- 1.8-22014-12-20 · diff ↗
- 1.8-1
- 1.8-02014-06-17 · diff ↗ ·
removed 2 exports
siaf.lomax, powerlawadded 27 exports
formatDate, stsplot_space, stsplot_time, stsplot_time1, stsplot_alarm, atChange, at2ndChange, atMedian, stsplot_spacetime, boda, glm_epidataCS, siaf, siaf.step, siaf.student, tiaf, tiaf.step, epidataCSplot_time, epidataCSplot_space, W_powerlaw, W_np, plotHHH4_fitted, plotHHH4_fitted1, plotHHH4_season, getMaxEV_season, plotHHH4_maxEV, getMaxEV, plotHHH4_ri - 1.7-02013-11-19 · diff ↗ ·
removed 2 exports
marks.ppp, markformat.defaultadded 3 exports
discpoly, unionSpatialPolygons, intersectPolyCircle - 1.7-0-dup2013-11-19 · diff ↗
- 1.6-02013-09-09 · diff ↗
- 1.6-0-dup2013-09-03 · diff ↗ ·
removed 7 exports
isScalar, polyCub, polyCub.midpoint, polyCub.SV, polyCub.exact.Gauss, discpoly, pattern:^algo\\.added 33 exports
poly2adjmat, polyAtBorder, farringtonFlexible, algo.compare, algo.quality, algo.summary, algo.bayes, algo.bayes1, algo.bayes2, algo.bayes3, algo.bayesLatestTimepoint, algo.call, algo.cdc, algo.cdcLatestTimepoint, algo.cusum, algo.farrington, algo.glrnb, algo.glrpois, algo.hmm, algo.outbreakP, algo.rki, algo.rki1, algo.rki2, algo.rki3, algo.rkiLatestTimepoint, algo.rogerson, algo.twins, algo.farrington.assign.weights, algo.farrington.fitGLM, algo.farrington.fitGLM.fast and 3 more - 1.5-42013-04-21 · diff ↗
- 1.5-4-dup
- 1.5-22013-03-19 · diff ↗
- 1.5-2-dup2013-03-15 · diff ↗ ·
added 5 exports
formatPval, earsC, siaf.powerlaw, xtable.summary.twinstim, stepComponent - 1.5-12012-12-14 · diff ↗
- 1.5-1-dup2012-12-12 · diff ↗
- 1.5-02012-12-12 · diff ↗ ·
added 9 exports
surveillance.options, reset.surveillance.options, nbOrder, untie, summary.twinstim, update.twinstim, intensityplot.simEpidataCS, zetaweights, powerlaw - 1.5-0-dup2012-12-12 · diff ↗
- 1.4-22012-08-20 · diff ↗
- 1.4-2-dup
- 1.4-12012-07-26 · diff ↗
- 1.4-1-dup2012-07-25 · diff ↗ ·
added 96 exports
animate, R0, intensityplot, isScalar, anscombe.residuals, magic.dim, primeFactors, bestCombination, isoWeekYear, refvalIdxByDate, ks.plot.unif, checkResidualProcess, polyCub, polyCub.midpoint, polyCub.SV, polyCub.exact.Gauss, discpoly, inside.gpc.poly, multiplicity, stcd, linelist2sts, wrap.algo, farrington, bayes, rki, cusum, glrpois, glrnb, outbreakP, categoricalCUSUM and 66 more - 1.2-12012-01-15 · diff ↗
- 1.2-1-dup2010-05-25 · diff ↗
- 1.1-62010-05-25 · diff ↗
- 1.1-6-dup2010-05-21 · diff ↗
- 1.1-22009-10-15 · diff ↗
- 1.1-2-dup2009-10-14 · diff ↗
- 1.0-22009-03-06 · diff ↗
- 1.0-2-dup2009-05-03 · diff ↗
- 0.9-92008-01-21 · diff ↗
- 0.9-9-dup2008-01-21 · diff ↗
- 0.9-82008-01-19 · diff ↗
- 0.9-8-dup2007-11-17 · diff ↗
- 0.9-72007-11-18 · diff ↗
- 0.9-7-dup2007-11-17 · diff ↗
- 0.9-62007-06-25 · diff ↗
- 0.9-6-dup2007-06-25 · diff ↗
- 0.9-22006-09-05 · diff ↗
- 0.9-2-dup2006-09-05 · diff ↗
- 0.9-12005-11-21 · diff ↗
- 0.9-1-dup2005-11-21 · diff ↗
- 0.92005-11-18 · diff ↗
- 0.9-dup2005-11-18
- RR 2.2.0 released · 2005-10-06
Package metadata
- First published
- 2005-11-18
- Total releases
- 91 / 21 yrs
- License
- GPL-2 OSI
- Additional repositories
- inla.r-inla-download.org
- Minimum R
- ≥ 3.6.0
- Bundled data
- 812 KB / 41 files
- Download size
- 3.7 MB
Cite
Cite this package
Run in R for the authors' entry:
citation("surveillance")The package provides a citation file, so citation() returns the authors' own entry.
It points to 10.18637/jss.v070.i10, 10.18637/jss.v077.i11.
Cite the R Observatory
For a number measured here: a download total, a coverage figure, an archival date.
From data release v2026-10-18, which the citation names so these numbers can be found later. More on citing and the projects behind them.