R Observatory: Metrics for spdep version 1.4-2

Balamuta, James Joseph

doi:10.5281/zenodo.21843040

spdep

1.4-2

Spatial Dependence: Weighting Schemes, Statistics

98packages dependsuggested by 59

715.3Kdownloads / year

32.2%test coverage

13/13flavors OK

Overview

About

Maintained by Roger BivandCRAN page ↗GitHub ↗Website ↗Issues ↗

A collection of functions to create spatial weights matrix objects from polygon 'contiguities', from point patterns by distance and tessellations, for summarizing these objects, and for permitting their use in spatial data analysis, including regional aggregation by minimum spanning tree; a collection of tests for spatial 'autocorrelation', including global 'Morans I' and 'Gearys C' proposed by 'Cliff' and 'Ord' (1973, ISBN: 0850860369) and (1981, ISBN: 0850860814), 'Hubert/Mantel' general cross product statistic, Empirical Bayes estimates and 'Assunção/Reis' (1999) doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19990830)18:16%3C2147::AID-SIM179%3E3.0.CO;2-I Index, 'Getis/Ord' G ('Getis' and 'Ord' 1992) doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1992.tb00261.x and multicoloured join count statistics, 'APLE' ('Li et al.' ) doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.2007.00708.x, local 'Moran's I', 'Gearys C' ('Anselin' 1995) doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00338.x and 'Getis/Ord' G ('Ord' and 'Getis' 1995) doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.1995.tb00912.x, 'saddlepoint' approximations ('Tiefelsdorf' 2002) doi:10.1111/j.1538-4632.2002.tb01084.x and exact tests for global and local 'Moran's I' ('Bivand et al.' 2009) doi:10.1016/j.csda.2008.07.021 and 'LOSH' local indicators of spatial heteroscedasticity ('Ord' and 'Getis') doi:10.1007/s00168-011-0492-y. The implementation of most of these measures is described in 'Bivand' and 'Wong' (2018) doi:10.1007/s11749-018-0599-x, with further extensions in 'Bivand' (2022) doi:10.1111/gean.12319. 'Lagrange' multiplier tests for spatial dependence in linear models are provided ('Anselin et al'. 1996) doi:10.1016/0166-0462(95)02111-6, as are 'Rao' score tests for hypothesised spatial 'Durbin' models based on linear models ('Koley' and 'Bera' 2023) doi:10.1080/17421772.2023.2256810. Additions in 2024 include Local Indicators for Categorical Data based on 'Carrer et al.' (2021) doi:10.1016/j.jas.2020.105306 and 'Bivand et al.' (2017) doi:10.1016/j.spasta.2017.03.003; also Weighted Multivariate Spatial Autocorrelation Measures ('Bavaud' 2024) doi:10.1111/gean.12390. doi:10.1080/17421772.2023.2256810. A local indicators for categorical data (LICD) implementation based on 'Carrer et al.' (2021) doi:10.1016/j.jas.2020.105306 and 'Bivand et al.' (2017) doi:10.1016/j.spasta.2017.03.003 was added in 1.3-7. Multivariate 'spatialdelta' ('Bavaud' 2024) doi:10.1111/gean.12390 was added in 1.3-13 ('Bivand' 2025 doi:10.26034/la.cdclsl.2025.8343). From 'spdep' and 'spatialreg' versions >= 1.2-1, the model fitting functions previously present in this package are defunct in 'spdep' and may be found in 'spatialreg'.

Changes in 1.4-2

robustness checks on licd_multi, update hotspot method for licd_multi output
add hotspot method for local_joincount_uni

From NEWS.md in the release

Install

R (CRAN)pak (dev)Ubuntu (r2u)Fedora (COPR)openSUSE (OBS)

install.packages("spdep", repos = "https://cloud.r-project.org/")

Installs the current CRAN release. Prebuilt binaries on Windows and macOS.

if (!requireNamespace("pak", quietly = TRUE))
  install.packages("pak", repos = "https://cloud.r-project.org/")
pak::pak("r-spatial/spdep")

Development version from r-spatial/spdep. Installs pak first if it is not already available.

Release

# enable cranapt (r2u) if it is not already set up, then install
grep -rqs r2u.stat.illinois.edu /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ \
  || curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/eddelbuettel/r2u/master/inst/scripts/add_cranapt_noble.sh | sudo bash
sudo apt install -y r-cran-spdep

Fast Ubuntu binaries via r2u (no compilation). The cranapt setup runs once and is skipped when it is already enabled. We list this channel from recorded r2u download activity rather than from a live index of the repository, so treat it as last known rather than guaranteed.

bspm (used by r2u) also needs make: sudo apt install make

# enable the iucar/cran COPR if it is not already present, then install
ls /etc/yum.repos.d/*iucar*cran*.repo >/dev/null 2>&1 \
  || sudo dnf copr enable -y iucar/cran
sudo dnf install -y R-CRAN-spdep

RPMs from the iucar/cran COPR, rebuilt from CRAN.

For install.packages() integration in R, also: sudo dnf install R-CoprManager

# add the autoCRAN OBS repo (Tumbleweed) if it is missing, then install
zypper -q lr | grep -qi autoCRAN \
  || sudo zypper addrepo https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/devel:/languages:/R:/autoCRAN/openSUSE_Tumbleweed/devel:languages:R:autoCRAN.repo
sudo zypper install -y R-spdep

RPMs auto-built from CRAN on openSUSE OBS (Tumbleweed). We list this channel from recorded autoCRAN download activity rather than from a live index of the repository, so treat it as last known rather than guaranteed.

Health

CRAN checks

13OK

CRAN check page ↗

Slowest check: 8.6 min · r-oldrel-macos-x86_64

Status changes

OK13 OK2026-08-04
NOTE12 OK, 1 NOTE2026-08-01
OK13 OK2026-06-09
ERROR12 OK, 1 ERROR2026-06-07
OK13 OK2026-05-05

Show 9 earlier changesHide 9 earlier changes

ERROR12 OK, 1 ERROR2026-05-04
OK13 OK2026-05-03
ERROR12 OK, 1 ERROR2026-04-30
OK12 OK2026-04-25
NOTE11 OK, 3 NOTE2026-04-20
ERROR10 OK, 3 NOTE, 1 ERROR2026-04-18
NOTE11 OK, 3 NOTE2026-04-14
ERROR10 OK, 3 NOTE, 1 ERROR2026-04-13
NOTE11 OK, 3 NOTE2026-03-10

Advisories

none known

How this is measured·How advisories are found

Documentation

In release 1.4-2

README· In the repository, left out of the releaseVignettesYes · 5 · dynamicNEWSYes · 100% structured · mentions 1.4-2Citation fileYes · cites a publicationWebsiteYes · pkgdown

Help pages: 100
Examples that run: 94%88 run in a plain check · 2 only when donttest examples are enabled (R CMD check --as-cran) · 2 never run · 2 hold no code
Exported functions with examples: 97%
Documented parameters: 97%
Return-value docs: 96%
Help pages citing references: 58%

Vignettes (5)

How these are measured

Downloads

715.3K

CRAN downloads in the past year

Rank #447 · ~2K/day · ~59.6K/mo

Releases R versions

Daily download trend is not available in this view yet.

56.3K30 days

180.6K90 days

715.3K1 year

Compare downloads with other packages →

Also on5K r2u75 autocran34.6K conda_forge260 bioconda279 c2d4u

How downloads are counted

Repository

r-spatial/spdep ↗Organization: r-spatial

151Stars

28Forks

4Open issues

0Open PRs

0Releases

790Commits

11Commit identities

spatial-dependencespatial-weightsspatial-autocorrelation

790 commits · Last activity 2026-09-07 · +0.7% stars, 30d · Default branch at 1.4-3, ahead of CRAN 1.4-2 (checked 2026-10-11)

Responsiveness

How these are sampled

PRs merged (all time): 78%
Median days to close, 50 most recently updated closed issues: 29
Median days to close, 50 most recently updated closed PRs: 1

Stars over time

2025-09-12 · 1382026-09-24 · 151

How these are measured

PracticesBeta

4 development-tooling and community-health practices detected across 2 families in the upstream repository

Checks run against github.com/r-spatial/spdep on 2026-10-11.

Continuous integration (2)

GitHub ActionsR CMD check workflow

The R CMD check workflow runs on Linux, macOS and Windows, and on R-devel

Docs source (2)

pkgdown

GitHub Pages site last deployed 2026-09-07

pkgdown site last built 2026-04-21

How this is detected·Detection ruleset v3 (2026-09-26)

Dependencies

Declared dependencies

24 external dependencies (excludes base and recommended)

Installing spdep adds 12 packages (10 with compiled code, 25 MB of source tarballs). Heaviest: sf 9.3 MB, sp 4.3 MB, spData 3.6 MB.

Depends (4)

R >= 3.3.0methodsspData sf

Imports (10)

statsdeldirbootgraphicsutilsgrDevicesunits s2 e1071 sp

LinkingTo (0)

none

Suggests (21)

spatialregMatrixparalleldbscan RColorBrewerlatticextableforeignigraph RSpectra knitr classInt tmap spam ggplot2 rmarkdown tinytest rgeoda mipfp Guerry codingMatrices

Enhances (0)

none

Dependency license breakdown →

Reverse dependencies

98direct

27indirect

Depends 8 · Imports 90

Suggested by 59

Show the 48 most downloaded dependentsHide the 48 most downloaded dependents

Depends, Imports or LinkingTo, most downloaded first

and 50 more dependents and 59 packages that suggest it on CRAN ↗

How these are counted

Code & Tests

Datasets

People & History

People (34)

Roger Bivand

Maintainer since 0.1-2 (2002), Author

Micah Altman

Contributor · added in 0.5-50

Luc Anselin

Contributor · added in 0.5-50

Renato Assunção

Contributor · added in 0.5-50

Anil Bera

Contributor · added in 1.3-3

Olaf Berke

Contributor · added in 0.5-50

F. Guillaume Blanchet

Contributor · added in 1.2-7

Marilia Carvalho

Contributor · added in 0.1-9

Bjarke Christensen

Contributor · added in 0.5-50

Show 25 more contributorsHide 25 contributors

Yongwan Chun

Contributor · added in 0.5-50

Carsten Dormann

Contributor · added in 0.5-50

Stéphane Dray

Contributor · added in 0.5-50

Dewey Dunnington

Contributor · added in 1.2-5

Virgilio Gómez-Rubio

Contributor · added in 0.5-74

Malabika Koley

Contributor · added in 1.3-3

Tomasz Kossowski

Contributor · added in 1.3-6

Elias Krainski

Contributor · added in 0.5-50

Pierre Legendre

Contributor · added in 0.5-50

Nicholas Lewin-Koh

Contributor

Angela Li

Contributor · added in 1.0-2

Giovanni Millo

Contributor · added in 0.5-50

Werner Mueller

Contributor · added in 0.5-50

Hisaji Ono

Contributor · added in 0.1-6

Josiah Parry

Contributor · added in 1.1-13

Pedro Peres-Neto

Contributor · added in 0.5-50

Michał Pietrzak

Contributor · added in 1.3-6

Gianfranco Piras

Contributor · added in 0.5-50

Markus Reder

Contributor · added in 0.5-50

Jeff Sauer

Contributor · added in 1.1-8

Michael Tiefelsdorf

Contributor

René Westerholt

Contributor · added in 0.7-7

Justyna Wilk

Contributor · added in 1.3-6

Levi Wolf

Contributor · added in 1.1-8

Danlin Yu

Contributor · added in 0.5-57

Listed in earlier versions (9)

Show 8 of 9 peopleHide 8 people

Andrew Bernat