hoopR

ESPN, the NBA Stats API, and Fox Sports on a shared espn_team_id key:

nba_team_crosswalk(), nba_schedule_crosswalk() (joins on the local

Eastern-Time game date), and nba_player_crosswalk() (ESPN-anchored

deterministic fuzzy matching), each paired with a load_nba_*_crosswalk()

cached loader. Adds fox_nba_teams() / fox_mbb_teams() deriving the Fox team

directory from the standings endpoint. A shared internal .bb_* matching engine

(R/crosswalk_basketball.R) backs the builders.

**MBB cross-source crosswalks (mbb_*_crosswalk + load_mbb_*_crosswalk)**

New convenience functions that link team / schedule / player identities across

ESPN, KenPom (teams_links bundled data — no auth required), Bart Torvik

(barttorvik.com), and Fox Sports on a shared espn_team_id key:

mbb_team_crosswalk(), mbb_schedule_crosswalk() (joins on ET game date via

Torvik's game schedule), and mbb_player_crosswalk() (ESPN-anchored

deterministic fuzzy matching vs. Fox), each paired with a

load_mbb_*_crosswalk() cached loader. Torvik and KenPom team names are

bridged to ESPN via curated alias tables (.mbb_bart_alias, .mbb_kp_alias)

and a .bb_normalize_college_team() contracting normalizer (expands

State/Saint abbreviations). Fox names are bridged via .mbb_fox_display_alias.

Adds fox_mbb_teams_all() to enumerate the full MBB Fox Bifrost team

directory (conference-seed walking). Backed by the shared .bb_* engine in

R/crosswalk_basketball.R.

**Fox Sports basketball wrappers (fox_nba_* / fox_mbb_*)**

Read-only Fox Sports "Bifrost" basketball wrappers over

api.foxsports.com/bifrost/v1/{nba,cbk}/*, complementing the espn_nba_* /

espn_mbb_* families. Eight wrappers per league flatten Fox's layout-oriented

JSON (sections → tables → rows → cells) into tidy hoopR_data tibbles:

fox_<lg>_pbp (period-based play-by-play), _boxscore, _odds,

_team_roster, _team_stats, _team_gamelog, _standings,

_league_leaders. A shared internal layer backs both leagues. Verified live;

reverse-engineering notes + an OpenAPI 3.1 spec live in the sdv-internal-refs

repo. Parallels the cfbfastR / sportsdataverse-py fox_* families.

**CollegeBasketballData API (cbbd_*)**

New cbbd_*() function family wrapping the

CollegeBasketballData API (the men's

college basketball sibling of CollegeFootballData, which cfbfastR wraps with

cfbd_*). 38 endpoint wrappers cover the full v1 surface across 13 categories:

• **Games**: cbbd_games(), cbbd_games_media(), cbbd_games_teams(), cbbd_games_players(), cbbd_scoreboard()
• **Plays**: cbbd_plays_game(), cbbd_plays_player(), cbbd_plays_team(), cbbd_plays_date(), cbbd_plays_tournament(), cbbd_play_types()
• **Substitutions**: cbbd_substitutions_game(), cbbd_substitutions_player(), cbbd_substitutions_team()
• **Stats**: cbbd_stats_team_season(), cbbd_stats_team_leaderboard(), cbbd_stats_team_shooting_season(), cbbd_stats_player_season(), cbbd_stats_player_shooting_season()
• **Lineups**: cbbd_lineups_team(), cbbd_lineups_game()
• **Ratings**: cbbd_ratings_srs(), cbbd_ratings_adjusted(), cbbd_ratings_elo()
• **Rankings**: cbbd_rankings()
• **Lines**: cbbd_lines(), cbbd_lines_providers()
• **Recruiting**: cbbd_recruiting_players(), cbbd_recruiting_teams(), cbbd_recruiting_portal()
• **Draft**: cbbd_draft_teams(), cbbd_draft_positions(), cbbd_draft_picks()
• **Teams / Venues / Conferences**: cbbd_teams(), cbbd_teams_roster(), cbbd_venues(), cbbd_conferences(), cbbd_conferences_history()

The API requires a free Bearer-token key stored in the CBBD_API_KEY

environment variable; see ?register_cbbd. Helpers cbbd_key(),

has_cbbd_key() and check_cbbd_key() mirror the cfbfastR key pattern. Every

wrapper returns a hoopR_data tibble with a 3-column @return table, routes

through hoopR's shared httr2 request layer (retries / timeouts / proxy), and

reports errors via the standard cli reporters.

**Bart Torvik / T-Rank (torvik_*)**

New torvik_*() function family pulling publicly available men's college

basketball data directly from barttorvik.com — no

account or API key required (analogous to how kp_* scrapes KenPom). These wrap

the auth-free, self-describing data files (the interactive .php pages behind

barttorvik's JavaScript browser check are intentionally avoided):

• **torvik_ratings()** — year-end / current T-Rank team ratings: adjusted offensive/defensive efficiency, barthag, projected record, SOS, wins above bubble, adjusted tempo ({year}_team_results.csv).
• **torvik_team_factors()** — team four factors and shooting splits: eFG%, TOV%, OREB%/DREB%, FT rate, 2P/3P/FT splits and assist rates, each with its national rank ({year}_fffinal.csv).
• **torvik_game_schedule()** — full game-by-game schedule and results with pre-game predictions and post-game quality metrics ({year}_super_sked.json).
• **torvik_ncaa_results()** — historical NCAA tournament performance by team, coach, conference or seed, including PASE / PAKE and round-by-round counts (cgi-bin/ncaat.cgi).
• **torvik_player_stats()** — every player's advanced season stat line: offensive rating, usage, shooting splits, rebounding/assist/turnover rates, box plus/minus and per-game box averages (getadvstats.php).
• **torvik_game_stats()** — per-team-game stats: adjusted and raw offensive/defensive efficiency, four factors on both ends, tempo, result and pre-game win probability (getgamestats.php).

Requests route through hoopR's shared .retry_request() layer with a browser

User-Agent; every wrapper returns a hoopR_data tibble with a 3-column

@return table and reports errors via the standard cli reporters. (Note: the

cbbdata/api.cbbdata.com service that previously brokered Torvik data is

defunct, so these wrap barttorvik.com directly.)

**Basketball-Reference (bref_*)**

New bref_*() function family scraping publicly available NBA data from

Basketball-Reference — a source hoopR

previously did not cover at all (no account or API key required):

• **bref_players_stats()** — league-wide player season stats; pick the table with table = "per_game" / "totals" / "advanced" / "per_minute" / "per_poss".
• **bref_teams_stats()** — team season stats (per_game, totals, per_poss, advanced, opponent).
• **bref_standings()** — end-of-season conference standings with SRS and a playoff flag.
• **bref_draft()** — draft results paired with each pick's career totals and advanced metrics.
• **bref_awards()** — end-of-season award voting (MVP, ROY, DPOY, SMOY, MIP, Clutch POY, COY) in one tidy tibble.
• **bref_team_roster()** — a team's season roster.
• **bref_player_game_log()** — a player's game-by-game log for a season (by Basketball-Reference player-id slug, e.g. jokicni01).
• **bref_player_bios()** — the player index for a starting letter (career span, position, height/weight, birth date, college) plus each player's Basketball-Reference id slug — a ready-made player **dictionary**.
• **bref_injuries()** — the current Basketball-Reference NBA injury report.

Two Sports-Reference quirks are handled centrally: secondary tables hidden in

HTML comments are un-commented, and columns are read from each cell's

data-stat attribute (so the multi-row "over-headers" don't mangle column

names). Routes through hoopR's shared .retry_request() with a browser

User-Agent. **Basketball-Reference rate-limits aggressive scraping (~20

requests/minute)** — space repeated calls with Sys.sleep(). Tests are gated

behind BREF_TESTS=1. No new dependencies (rvest already in Imports).

**Salary & mock-draft sources (Spotrac / HoopsHype / NBADraft.net)**

New wrappers for third-party NBA salary and mock-draft sites, all public HTML,

no key required:

• **spotrac_team_cap()** — team salary-cap allocations, cap space, active players and average age from Spotrac.
• **hoopshype_salaries()** — the **full league's** player salaries (one row per player-season, current + future contract years) from HoopsHype. HoopsHype is now a Next.js app whose single salaries page paginates client-side, but each team page embeds that team's complete roster in its __NEXT_DATA__ payload — so this iterates the 30 team pages and stitches them together (~600 players) via a team-by-team approach.
• **nbadraft_mock_draft()** — the current consensus mock draft (both rounds) from NBADraft.net.

**Basketball Insiders** was evaluated but **not** wrapped: its old salary-widget

backend (hw-files.com) is offline, and the surviving page only exposes a

team-cap summary redundant with spotrac_team_cap(). For league-wide player

salaries, espn_nba_player_contracts() remains the most complete source.

**RealGM (realgm_*) — Cloudflare-challenge bypass via headless Chrome**

RealGM sits behind a Cloudflare JavaScript

challenge (cf-mitigated: challenge) that returns **HTTP 403** to every

libcurl-based client (httr2, httr, rvest) regardless of headers —

Cloudflare fingerprints the TLS handshake (JA3) *and* demands a JavaScript

proof-of-work to mint the cf_clearance cookie. An earlier source audit

recorded RealGM as **dead** on that basis. It is **not** dead — it is reachable

with a real browser engine, and 17 realgm_*() wrappers now cover the NBA

endpoint surface:

*Players & personnel*

• **realgm_players()** — active NBA player index (position, ht/wt, age, current team, years of service, pre-draft team / international club, nationality).
• **realgm_players_abroad()** — NBA-affiliated players on international rosters, with NBA-rights status (a view no first-party feed provides).
• **realgm_future_free_agents()** — projected free-agent classes with Bird / veteran status, production, and the player's listed **agent**.
• **realgm_coaches()** / **realgm_gms()** — current head coaches / general managers with tenure and nationality.

*Standings, teams & stats*

• **realgm_standings()** — both conferences with record, streak, splits.
• **realgm_teams()** — team index with division and conference.
• **realgm_player_stats(season, stat_type, season_type)** — qualified-player leaderboards (Averages / Totals / Per-X / Advanced / Misc, across Regular Season / Playoffs / Preseason / Summer League).
• **realgm_team_stats(season, stat_type, season_type)** — team statistics.
• **realgm_individual_seasons()** / **realgm_individual_games()** — all-time best individual season / single-game leaderboards.

*Draft & salary*

• **realgm_draft(year)** — past-draft results (rounds 1–2 + undrafted), with pre-draft team and nationality.
• **realgm_draft_prospects()** — current draft-prospect statistics.
• **realgm_early_entry()** — early-entrant / withdrawal list.
• **realgm_salary_cap()** — salary-cap history & projections (cap, tax, aprons, exceptions).
• **realgm_rookie_scale()** — rookie-scale contract amounts by pick.

*Transactions*

• **realgm_transactions()** — the league transactions log (RealGM publishes it as a dated narrative, not a table, so this parses the page DOM into one row per transaction with a real Date).

Self-describing returns carry their query parameters back as columns

(realgm_player_stats()/realgm_team_stats() echo season/stat_type/

season_type; realgm_draft() echoes draft_year and a round label). Every

wrapper drives headless Chrome through the optional

chromote package (Chrome solves the

challenge natively in ~2 seconds). chromote + Google Chrome are therefore a

**Suggests-level** requirement for the realgm_* family only; every other hoopR

source still works with the standard HTTP stack.

**NBA injury reports (rotowire_injuries() / bref_injuries())**

RotoWorld (rotoworld.com) was a long-standing NBA injuries source, but NBC has

since shut it down (it now 301-redirects to nbcsports.com/fantasy; the injuries

tool is gone). Two live replacements:

• **rotowire_injuries()** — the current NBA injury report from RotoWire (a separate, live company). RotoWire renders the grid client-side from a JSON table endpoint, so this reads that JSON directly (player, team, position, injury, status, RotoWire player URL). The projected return date is subscriber-only and comes back as NA.
• **bref_injuries()** — a second source, the Basketball-Reference injury report (see above).

**Basketball analytics utilities (nba_*, no network)**

A set of pure, vectorized basketball-math helpers — standard efficiency /

rating / four-factor calculators. All return NA (not Inf/NaN) on a zero

denominator and are league-agnostic (NBA / WNBA / college box scores):

• Shooting: nba_true_shooting_pct(), nba_effective_fg_pct(), nba_ft_rate().
• Rating / pace: nba_possessions(), nba_pace(), nba_offensive_rating(), nba_defensive_rating(), nba_net_rating().
• Player rate stats: nba_game_score() (Hollinger), nba_usage_rate(), nba_assist_pct(), nba_assist_to_turnover(), nba_turnover_pct(), nba_oreb_pct(), and nba_four_factors() (a tidy four-factors tibble).
• Scaling / enrichment: nba_per_minutes() (per-36 by default), nba_per_possessions() (per-100), and nba_add_advanced_metrics(), which detects the standard box-score columns present in a data frame and appends the advanced metrics it can compute.

**NBA player / team dictionaries & media (nba_*)**

• **nba_player_dict()** / **nba_team_dict()** — tidy player and team dictionaries (ids, names, teams, conference/division) for joining ids to names and fetching media, with headshot / logo URLs attached.
• **nba_player_headshot_url()** / **nba_team_logo_url()** — vectorized builders for the official NBA CDN headshot and logo URLs.

**NBA result-set helpers (nba_bind_sets() / nba_join_sets() / nba_nest_sets())**

hoopR's NBA Stats wrappers return the endpoint's resultSets verbatim as a

*named list of tibbles* (structure-faithful, lossless). These three pure helpers

reduce that list to a single tibble on demand — making explicit, and composable,

the three common result-set reductions:

• **nba_bind_sets(tag_column = )** — row-bind the sets into one long tibble, tagging each row with its origin (tactic **B**); columns absent from a set fill with NA. For sets that share a schema, or to stack with a tag.
• **nba_join_sets(join_key = )** — successively left-join the sets into one wide tibble on a shared key (tactic **C**). For different facets of one entity (e.g. PlayerStats + TeamStats on GAME_ID).
• **nba_nest_sets(keep_cols = , nest_col = )** — keep the key column(s) wide and nest every other column into a list-column, preserving the set origin (tactic **D**). For heterogeneous sets that can't be bound or joined (e.g. a player profile's season totals / career totals / awards).

All three take a named list of tibbles (an nba_*() return) and always return a

tibble. The default hoopR return (the list itself) is the "