gbm
‹2.3.1
- 2.3.19 Jul 2026, current
- 2.3.08 Jul 2026
- 2.2.322 Jan 2026
- 2.2.228 Jun 2024
- 2.1.910 Jan 2024
- 2.1.8.111 Aug 2022
- 2.1.815 Jul 2020
- 2.1.514 Jan 2019
- 2.1.416 Sep 2018
- 2.1.321 Mar 2017
- 2.1.221 Mar 2017
- 2.1.111 Mar 2015
- 2.110 May 2013
- 2.0-818 Jan 2013
- 1.6-3.29 Dec 2012
- 2.0-58 Dec 2012
- 1.6-3.17 May 2010
- 1.6-34 Aug 2007
- 1.6-223 Jun 2007
- 1.6-114 Jun 2007
- 1.5-718 Apr 2006
- 1.5-521 Jan 2006
- 1.5-37 Oct 2005
- 1.5-12 Jun 2005
- 1.59 May 2005
- 1.4-231 Mar 2005
- 1.3-59 Nov 2004
- 1.3-34 Nov 2004
- 1.225 Jun 2004
- 1.1-210 Apr 2004
- 1.1-17 Dec 2003
- 1.015 Jul 2003
- 0.7-214 Mar 2003
- 0.7-111 Mar 2003
- 0.710 Mar 2003
- 0.621 Feb 2003
Generalized Boosted Regression Models
- CRAN checks, method
Method
Checks and health
CRAN runs every current package through
R CMD checkon a set of machines and publishes a result for each one. The health shown on a package page comes from these results alone.- Problems
- Notes alone never count against a package, but a warning, an error or a failure on any platform is a problem. Open CRAN deadlines are a fact of their own, shown as a clock after the mark, so the mark always says what the checks found.
- Checks only
- Health reflects CRAN's check results and nothing else. Even a package with no tests, no coverage or no recent release can have every platform OK.
- Once a day
- Results are collected once a day from files CRAN publishes. Each platform is one machine set-up, named by its R version, operating system, architecture and compiler, such as r-devel-linux-x86_64-fedora-clang.
- Platforms counted
- The 13 in 3 of 13 is the number of platform rows CRAN published for that package on the day of collection. The set of machines changes over time, so the number is not fixed, and a package missing from a platform counts as neither passing nor failing there.
- All OK13 platforms
- CRAN 30-day downloads, method
- 28,756+8% up on the 30 days before, the better direction
- Dependent packages, method
Method
Reverse dependencies
Dependent packages are other packages that list this one under
Depends,ImportsorLinkingToin theirDESCRIPTIONfile. Those fields list the packages a package needs to install, so dependents break if this one is archived or broken.- As declared
- The counts follow the declarations as written, not whether a package uses the other one when it runs.
- Suggests apart
- Packages that list this one only under
Suggestsinstall and run without it, and use it for tests, examples or an optional feature. They are counted as Suggested by, never among the dependents, and a package that also lists it under one of the three fields is a dependent and is not counted again. - Zero
- Zero dependents means no current CRAN package declares a need for this one, though some may suggest it. On 28 Oct 2026, 19,572 of the 25,583 current CRAN packages had no dependent package.
- 6251 more suggest it
- Test coverage, method
Method
Test coverage
Test coverage is measured by downloading each CRAN package's current source file, installing its dependencies, building it and running its tests under covr.
- Almost half of CRAN has no tests to run
- Only CRAN packages are measured. Many have no percentage, most often because the package has no tests, and that blank is a recorded outcome, not missing data.
- NOT_CRAN
- Tests run with NOT_CRAN=true, so tests that skip themselves on CRAN run here, and the figure can differ from what CRAN's own checks see.
- Current version only
- Only the current version is measured, and a new version on CRAN is measured again. Older rows are kept but never filled in later. This is one package's run.
- Never 0%
- On a package page three states stay apart: measured, no tests, and not measured. Neither of the last two is ever shown as 0%.
- 58%of lines run by tests
- Advisories, method
Method
Security advisories
Advisories come from the R Consortium advisory database, a community record of security problems in R packages, as OSV publishes it.
- The copy
- The record is read once a day. The data is published under the Apache License 2.0 and is credited on the advisories list.
- Box under the name
- Under the package's name, a box names any advisory that affects the current release, with its fix or that there is none.
- Ranges
- Advisories state ranges, such as from 0.9.12 up to but not including 1.8.8. Each range is checked against every version CRAN has published, using the version rules R itself uses, so a release that came out after the advisory was written is still caught by its range.
- Not the package
- The rating is for the library flaw itself, not for how exposed the R package is, and it is never added up into a figure for the package.
- None known
About
Method, About Method Licence figures come from the Licences
License field of each package's DESCRIPTION file, read the way R itself reads it. No licence file is opened.tools::analyze_license() and R's own licence database, as CRAN's checks read it.| is read, so one string can offer two families.
An implementation of extensions to Freund and Schapire's AdaBoost algorithm and Friedman's gradient boosting machine. Includes regression methods for least squares, absolute loss, t-distribution loss, quantile regression, logistic, multinomial logistic, Poisson, Cox proportional hazards partial ...
Full description
An implementation of extensions to Freund and Schapire's AdaBoost algorithm and Friedman's gradient boosting machine. Includes regression methods for least squares, absolute loss, t-distribution loss, quantile regression, logistic, multinomial logistic, Poisson, Cox proportional hazards partial likelihood, AdaBoost exponential loss, Huberized hinge loss, and Learning to Rank measures (LambdaMart). Originally developed by Greg Ridgeway. Newer version available at <https://github.com/gbm-developers/gbm3>.
- Maintainer
- Greg Ridgeway
- Licence
- GPL (>= 2) | file LICENSE
- Latest release
- 9 Jul 2026
- First release
- 21 Feb 2003
More details
- Releases
- 36
- Needs compilation
- Yes
- Needs R
- >= 3.5.0
- Config/testthat/edition
- 3
- RoxygenNote
- 8.0.0
Task views (2)
- Machine Learning & Statistical Learning, a core package of this view
- Survival Analysis
Subjects (1) Method, SubjectsMethod
Subjects and collections
Subjects are the site's own grouping of CRAN packages, found by clustering. Collections are sets of packages that communities declare, such as the tidyverse.
- Subjects
- Subjects are found by clustering the words of current CRAN packages and the packages they use. No one edits them by hand.
- Collections
- Collections are sets that communities declare, through a package that installs the set or an organization on GitHub. The site finds them by rules.
- Who made each
- Subjects are marked Site and collections Community. Subjects, collections and task views are never mixed in one list.
- The day of the data
- Subjects and collections were last worked out on 22 Oct 2026.
Cite
Package
Run in R for the authors' preferred citation:
citation("gbm")Ridgeway, G., Boehmke, B., Cunningham, J., Developers, G., Edwards, D., Greenwell, B., Kriegler, B., Schroedl, S., & Southworth, H. (2026). gbm: Generalized Boosted Regression Models (Version 2.3.1) [Computer software]. https://doi.org/10.32614/CRAN.package.gbm
About
This package has no citation file, so citation() returns this entry built from DESCRIPTION.
R Observatory
For a number measured here: a download total, a coverage figure, an archival date.
Balamuta, J. J. (2026). R Observatory: Metrics for gbm version 2.3.1 [Data set]. HJJB, LLC. Data release v2026-10-28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21843040
About
From data release v2026-10-28, which the citation names so these numbers can be found later.
Health
All 13 check platforms pass.
r-devel-linux-x86_64-debian-clangThe unreleased R on Linux, x86_64, debian-clang
OK
- Version checked
- 2.3.1
- Time taken
- 160 s
r-devel-linux-x86_64-debian-gccThe unreleased R on Linux, x86_64, debian-gcc
OK
- Version checked
- 2.3.1
- Time taken
- 118 s
r-devel-linux-x86_64-fedora-clangThe unreleased R on Linux, x86_64, fedora-clang
OK
- Version checked
- 2.3.1
- Time taken
- 112 s
r-devel-linux-x86_64-fedora-gccThe unreleased R on Linux, x86_64, fedora-gcc
OK
- Version checked
- 2.3.1
- Time taken
- 112 s
r-devel-windows-x86_64The unreleased R on Windows, x86_64
OK
- Version checked
- 2.3.1
- Time taken
- 261 s
r-oldrel-macos-arm64The previous release of R on macOS, arm64
OK
- Version checked
- 2.3.1
- Time taken
- 46 s
r-oldrel-macos-x86_64The previous release of R on macOS, x86_64
OK
- Version checked
- 2.3.1
- Time taken
- 143 s
r-oldrel-windows-x86_64The previous release of R on Windows, x86_64
OK
- Version checked
- 2.3.1
- Time taken
- 229 s
r-patched-linux-x86_64The patched release of R on Linux, x86_64
OK
- Version checked
- 2.3.1
- Time taken
- 142 s
r-release-linux-x86_64The current release of R on Linux, x86_64
OK
- Version checked
- 2.3.1
- Time taken
- 141 s
r-release-macos-arm64The current release of R on macOS, arm64
OK
- Version checked
- 2.3.1
- Time taken
- 47 s
r-release-macos-x86_64The current release of R on macOS, x86_64
OK
- Version checked
- 2.3.1
- Time taken
- 172 s
r-release-windows-x86_64The current release of R on Windows, x86_64
OK
- Version checked
- 2.3.1
- Time taken
- 195 s
- 13 OK
Over time
No change since 5 Aug 2026
As a list (3)
| Changed | Worst status | OK | Notes | Warnings | Errors |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5 Aug 2026 | OK | 13 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1 Aug 2026 | Note | 12 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| 10 Mar 2026 | OK | 14 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Since March 2026
Downloads
Method, Downloads Method Download figures count requests logged by each distribution channel. They are not counts of installs or of users, because each channel publishes its own totals and this site reads them.Downloads
- Total downloads in the last 30 days
- 31,991+11.9% up on the 30 days before, the better directionIt is the sum of 6 channels: CRAN, r2u, autoCRAN, conda-forge, Bioconda and c2d4u.
CRAN rank
662 of 26,530
CRAN
28,756 downloads in the last 30 days
- Rank
- 662 of 26,530
- Change
- +8% up on the 30 days before, the better direction
It is in the total. Take it out
r2u
1,124 downloads in the last 30 days
- Rank
- 777 of 30,526
- Change
- +164% up on the 30 days before, the better direction
It is in the total. Take it out
autoCRAN
177 downloads in the last 30 days
- Rank
- 318 of 29,212
- Change
- +7.9% up on the 30 days before, the better direction
It is in the total. Take it out
conda-forge
1,861 downloads in the last 30 days
- Rank
- 731 of 3,828
- Change
- +43.6% up on the 30 days before, the better direction
It is in the total. Take it out
Bioconda
25 downloads in the last 30 days
- Rank
- 4,038 of 4,976
- Change
- no change on the 30 days before
It is in the total. Take it out
c2d4u, no longer updated
48 downloads in the last 30 days
- Rank
- 486 of 7,575
- Change
- +11.6% up on the 30 days before, the better direction
It is in the total. Take it out
The total is 31,991 downloads in the last 30 days. It is the sum of 6 channels: CRAN, r2u, autoCRAN, conda-forge, Bioconda and c2d4u.
Over time
Dependencies
- Needs
- 3
- Dependent packages
- 62
- Suggested by
- 51
Needs (3)
Dependent packages (50 of 62)
| Package | Title | Downloads in 30 days |
|---|---|---|
| biomod2 | Ensemble Platform for Species Distribution Modeling | 6,631 |
| ecospat | Spatial Ecology Miscellaneous Methods | 4,803 |
| twang | Toolkit for Weighting and Analysis of Nonequivalent Groups | 2,858 |
| bst | Gradient Boosting | 2,462 |
| twangContinuous | Toolkit for Weighting and Analysis of Nonequivalent Groups - Continuous Exposures | 2,056 |
| varPro | Model-Independent Variable Selection via the Rule-Based Variable Priority | 951 |
| PSweight | Propensity Score Weighting for Causal Inference with Observational Studies and Randomized Trials | 734 |
| RSDA | R to Symbolic Data Analysis | 623 |
| E2E | Ensemble Learning Framework for Diagnostic and Prognostic Modeling | 589 |
| SDMtune | Species Distribution Model Selection | 586 |
| SSDM | Stacked Species Distribution Modelling | 536 |
| enmSdmX | Species Distribution Modeling and Ecological Niche Modeling | 507 |
| mma | Multiple Mediation Analysis | 491 |
| CRE | Interpretable Discovery and Inference of Heterogeneous Treatment Effects | 474 |
| regressoR | Regression Data Analysis System | 470 |
| DeltaTools | DELTA Analytic Tools and Learning Curve Analysis | 443 |
| spm | Spatial Predictive Modeling | 443 |
| aihuman | Experimental Evaluation of Algorithm-Assisted Human Decision-Making | 440 |
| bujar | Buckley-James Regression for Survival Data with High-Dimensional Covariates | 440 |
| traineR | Predictive (Classification and Regression) Models Homologator | 435 |
| NumericEnsembles | Automatically Runs 18 Individual and 14 Ensembles of Models | 395 |
| tidylearn | A Unified Tidy Interface to R's Machine Learning Ecosystem | 393 |
| crispRdesignR | Guide Sequence Design for CRISPR/Cas9 | 388 |
| lilikoi | Metabolomics Personalized Pathway Analysis Tool | 386 |
| ranktreeEnsemble | Ensemble Models of Rank-Based Trees with Extracted Decision Rules | 380 |
| evalITR | Evaluating Individualized Treatment Rules | 377 |
| paths | An Imputation Approach to Estimating Path-Specific Causal Effects | 371 |
| CoxAIPW | Doubly Robust Inference for Cox Marginal Structural Model with Informative Censoring | 360 |
| OpEnHiMR | Optimization Based Ensemble Model for Prediction of Histone Modifications in Rice | 355 |
| visualpred | Visualization 2D of Binary Classification Models | 355 |
| EZtune | Tunes AdaBoost, Elastic Net, Support Vector Machines, and Gradient Boosting Machines | 353 |
| ARTtransfer | Adaptive and Robust Pipeline for Transfer Learning | 343 |
| qeML | Quick and Easy Machine Learning Tools | 336 |
| gbts | Hyperparameter Search for Gradient Boosted Trees | 335 |
| LogisticEnsembles | Automatically Runs 18 Logistic Models-14 Individual Logistic Models and 4 Ensembles of Models | 329 |
| precmed | Precision Medicine | 329 |
| rgnoisefilt | Elimination of Noisy Samples in Regression Datasets using Noise Filters | 326 |
| gbm.auto | Automated Boosted Regression Tree Modelling and Mapping Suite | 322 |
| bonsaiforest | Shrinkage Based Forest Plots | 309 |
| funcml | Functional Machine Learning Framework | 297 |
| CDSimX | Simulating Climate Data for Research and Modelling | 295 |
| mvGPS | Causal Inference using Multivariate Generalized Propensity Score | 285 |
| spm2 | Spatial Predictive Modeling | 279 |
| twangMediation | Twang Causal Mediation Modeling via Weighting | 271 |
| pomodoro | Predictive Power of Linear and Tree Modeling | 259 |
| crossurr | Cross-Fitting for Doubly Robust Evaluation of High-Dimensional Surrogate Markers | 255 |
| GB5mcPred | Gradient Boosting Algorithm for Predicting Methylation States | 254 |
| MEGB | Gradient Boosting for Longitudinal Data | 250 |
| xgrove | Explanation Groves | 241 |
| EpiSemble | Ensemble Based Machine Learning Approach for Predicting Methylation States | 239 |
Code
Method, Code Method Code metrics come from reading the released source of each package version. The package is never installed, loaded or run.Code metrics
README, vignettes, a NEWS file and the shares read from its help pages. Files kept only in the repository, such as a pkgdown configuration or CI files, are read by the repository scan instead.
- Functions
- 297
- Public exports
- 42
- Lines of R code
- 4,213
- Median complexity
- 3
Functions (297)
Size and composition
Lines by kind (17,689)
| Kind | Lines | Share |
|---|---|---|
| R code | 4,213 | 24% |
| Tests | 561 | 3% |
| Documentation | 1,893 | 11% |
| Guides | 804 | 5% |
| Compiled code | 10,218 | 58% |
Lines by language
| Language | Lines | Share |
|---|---|---|
| C++ | 7,418 | 42% |
| R | 4,774 | 27% |
| C | 2,800 | 16% |
| Rd | 1,893 | 11% |
| Vignettes | 739 | 4% |
| Other | 65 | 0.4% |
Languages are counted from file extensions.
- Files
- 129
- R functions
- 59
- Compiled functions
- 267
- Object systems
- S3: 4 methods
Complexity
- Median
- 3
- Mean
- 6.63
- Highest
- 66
- Median lines per function
- 19
About complexity
Cyclomatic complexity counts the independent paths through a function: 1 is a straight line, higher is harder to test. R functions only.
Call graph figures
- R functions
- 59
- Calls
- 56
- Unconnected
- 9
- Groups
- 5
Growth (36 releases)
Release changes
Tests
The tests ran and coverage was measured.
- Lines run by tests
- 57.6%
- Expressions run by tests
- 58.1%
- Test cases
- 16
- Exports named in tests
- 16.7%
Coverage by file (19)
Coverage run
- Lines counted
- 1,488
- Lines the tests ran
- 704
- Tests passed
- Yes
- Measured with
- covr 3.6.5 on R 4.6.1
Test suite
- Has tests
- Yes
- Test frameworks
- RUnit, testthat
- Test cases
- 16
- Lines of tests
- 561
- Test lines per line of code
- 0.13
Documentation
- Exports documented
- 100%
- Arguments documented
- 80%
- Return value documented
- 89.5%
- Help pages with examples
- 28.6%
- Examples run in checks
- 66.7%
Other documentation
- README
- Yes, 162 words
- Release notes file
- Yes
- Help pages
- 21
- Lines of documentation
- 1,893
People
Method, People Method People on the site are the names packages give them in their Author and maintainer identity
DESCRIPTION files: authors from the author list, and the maintainer from the Maintainer field. Spellings of one name become one person only where the rules below allow it, and when in doubt the rules keep people apart.
Repository
Method, figures by host Method Repository signals are the figures read from the source repository a package links to: stars, forks, issues, commits, releases and the time issues take to close. They are read from GitHub, GitLab, Codeberg and Bitbucket.Repository signals
URL and BugReports fields of its DESCRIPTION file. Read-only mirrors, the cran and bioc accounts on GitHub and git.bioconductor.org, are left out.
gbm-developers / gbm on github.com
- Stars
- 54
- Forks
- 29
- Open issues
- 4
- Last commit
- 9 Jul 2026
Activity
- Commits
- 263
- Open pull requests
- 0
- Tagged releases
- 0
- Latest tagged release
- –
- In development
- The default branch showed an older version (2.3.0) than CRAN on 2026-10-25
- Issues closed in
- 392 days (median)
- Pull requests closed in
- 0 days (median)
- Pull requests merged
- 86%
- Created
- 27 Mar 2017
- Licence file reads as
- –
Development practices (10)
| Kind | Found |
|---|---|
| Continuous integration | GitHub Actions, R CMD check workflow The R CMD check workflow runs on Linux |
| Docs source | README.Rmd, pkgdown GitHub Pages site last deployed 2026-07-09 The repository has a site deploy workflow |
| CRAN release process | cran-comments.md, revdep/ |
| Lint, format, editor | RStudio project |
| Git structural | .gitattributes |
Method, repository practices Method Beta Each week a scan of the public source repository a package links to looks for the tools a maintainer has set up, and the Repository section lists the findings. Repositories on GitHub and GitLab are scanned.Repository practices
R CMD build reads .Rbuildignore and leaves out files used only in development, such as .github/, .lintr, renv/, a Dockerfile and cran-comments.md, so the released source file holds almost none of them. The repository is the one place these files stay visible.
History
Method, History Method Archived is built from CRAN's archive records, its list of check deadlines and Bioconductor's package records. Every figure is counted to 28 Oct 2026, the day the data was read.Packages leaving
| Version | Released | R | Events |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.3.1 current | 9 Jul 2026 | 4.6.1 | |
| 2.3.0 | 8 Jul 2026 | 4.6.1 | |
| 2.2.3 | 22 Jan 2026 | 4.5.2 | |
| 2.2.2 | 28 Jun 2024 | 4.4.1 | |
| 2.1.9 | 10 Jan 2024 | 4.3.2 | Maintainer: Greg Ridgeway |
| 2.1.8.1 | 11 Aug 2022 | 4.2.1 | |
| 2.1.8 | 15 Jul 2020 | 4.0.0 | |
| 2.1.5 | 14 Jan 2019 | 3.5.2 |
Earlier versions (28)
| Version | Released | R | Events |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2.1.4 | 16 Sep 2018 | 3.5.0 | Maintainer: Brandon Greenwell |
| 2.1.3 | 21 Mar 2017 | 3.3.3 | Orphaned (no maintainer) 21 Mar 2017 |
| 2.1.2 | 21 Mar 2017 | 3.3.3 | |
| 2.1.1 | 11 Mar 2015 | 3.1.3 | |
| 2.1 | 10 May 2013 | 3.0.0 | Licence: GPL (>= 2) | file LICENSE |
| 2.0-8 | 18 Jan 2013 | 2.15.2 | Maintainer: Harry Southworth |
| 1.6-3.2 | 9 Dec 2012 | 2.15.2 | |
| 2.0-5 | 8 Dec 2012 | 2.15.2 | |
| 1.6-3.1 | 7 May 2010 | 2.11.0 | |
| 1.6-3 | 4 Aug 2007 | 2.5.1 | |
| 1.6-2 | 23 Jun 2007 | 2.5.0 | |
| 1.6-1 | 14 Jun 2007 | 2.5.0 | |
| 1.5-7 | 18 Apr 2006 | 2.2.1 | |
| 1.5-5 | 21 Jan 2006 | 2.2.1 | |
| 1.5-3 | 7 Oct 2005 | 2.2.0 | |
| 1.5-1 | 2 Jun 2005 | 2.1.0 | |
| 1.5 | 9 May 2005 | 2.1.0 | |
| 1.4-2 | 31 Mar 2005 | 2.0.1 | |
| 1.3-5 | 9 Nov 2004 | 2.0.0 | |
| 1.3-3 | 4 Nov 2004 | 2.0.0 | |
| 1.2 | 25 Jun 2004 | 1.9.1 | |
| 1.1-2 | 10 Apr 2004 | 1.8.1 | |
| 1.1-1 | 7 Dec 2003 | 1.8.1 | |
| 1.0 | 15 Jul 2003 | 1.7.1 | |
| 0.7-2 | 14 Mar 2003 | 1.6.2 | |
| 0.7-1 | 11 Mar 2003 | 1.6.2 | |
| 0.7 | 10 Mar 2003 | 1.6.2 | |
| 0.6 | 21 Feb 2003 | 1.6.2 |
Release notes (2.3.1)
Bug fixes
- Fixed an uninitialized-memory read (flagged by CRAN's valgrind memory checks) in
CNode'scNfield (number of training observations in a node). A tree's root node never hadcNset explicitly; this was harmless whenever the tree split at least once (the root is discarded as soon as it splits), but on the rare tree that fails to find any improving split, the root remains the sole terminal node and several distributions'FitBestConstant()/Adjust()read itscNbefore anything had written to it. Fixed in three places: the root node'scNis now set explicitly when created (src/tree.cpp);CNode's constructor now initializescN(fixes first use of any node); and the node factory's recycling pool now resetscNon every reuse (src/node_factory.cpp), preventing a stale count from a node's previous use from silently persisting into its next one.